聚碳酸酯改性聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能

以聚碳酸１，６－已二醇酯（ＰＣ）、聚己二酸－１，４－丁二醇酯（ＰＢＡＧ）、４，４－二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（ＭＤＩ）和１，４－丁二醇（ＢＤＯ）为原料，合成线型聚碳酸酯改性聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（ＴＰＣＺＥ）．对其玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ、力学性能、耐水解性能和流变特性进行了研究。实验结果表明：随ＰＣ二醇含量的增加，弹性体的贮能模量下降，Ｔｇ则向高温方向（从－７．８℃到＋２．６℃）移动。水解后的强度保持率从８５．４％提高到９９，７％和１１７％，熔体的表现粘度降低，加工性能得到改善。     

紫荆花红色素开发利用的研究

首次报道紫荆花红色素的提取纯化方法及红色素的理化性质，并与玫瑰茄红色素作对比研究，证实同属于花青甙类化合物，又经急性毒性试验证明其毒性极低，故紫荆花天然红色素具有开发利用的价值。     

甲壳素铁卟啉制备及其催化空气氧化环己烷研究

首次采用甲壳素和四苯基铁卟啉制备高分子金属卟啉固载物 甲壳素四苯基铁卟啉 ,并用电镜 ,紫外和红外光谱技术对它进行表征 ,测定了铁卟啉在甲壳素上的表观吸附常数 ,研究了其催化性能 .研究结果表明 :四苯基铁卟啉能牢固地固载在甲壳素上 ,其表观吸附常数为 6 .80× 10 4L·mol-1.在无溶剂 ,无助催化剂和还原剂的体系中 ,它能高效催化空气氧化环己烷生成环己酮和环己醇 ,在 4 18K和 0 .8MPa的反应条件下 ,环己醇和环己酮选择性为 74 .5 % ,环己烷的摩尔转化率为 14 .79% ,催化剂转化数达到 3.80× 10 5.相对未固载的四苯基铁卟啉催化剂转化数 (按铁卟啉计 )提高了 2 1倍 .     

Efficient dehalogenation of polyhalomethanes and production of strong acids in aqueous environments: water-catalyzed O--H-insertion and HI-elimination reactions of isodiiodomethane (CH2I-I) with water

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the ultraviolet photolysis of CH2I2 in water is reported. Ultraviolet photolysis of low concentrations of CH2I2 in water was experimentally observed to lead to almost complete conversion into CH2(OH)2 and 2HI products. Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy experiments in mixed water/acetonitrile solvents (25%-75% water) showed that appreciable amounts of isodiiodomethane (CH2I-I) were formed within several picoseconds and the decay of the CH2I-I species became substantially shorter with increasing water concentration, suggesting that CH2I-I may be reacting with water. Ab initio calculations demonstrate the CH2I-I species is able to react readily with water via a water-catalyzed O--H-insertion and HI-elimination reaction followed by its CH2I(OH) product undergoing a further water-catalyzed HI-elimination reaction to make a H2C=O product. These HI-elimination reactions produce the two HI leaving groups observed experimentally and the H2C=O product further reacts with water to produce the other final CH2(OH)2 product observed in the photochemistry experiments. These results suggest that CH2I-I is the species that reacts with water to produce the CH2(OH)2 and 2HI products seen in the photochemistry experiments. The present study demonstrates that ultraviolet photolysis of CH2I2 at low concentration leads to efficient dehalogenation and release of multiple strong acid (HI) leaving groups. Some possible ramifications for the decomposition of polyhalomethanes and halomethanols in aqueous environments as well as the photochemistry of polyhalomethanes in the natural environment are briefly discussed.     

Multilevel structure of sludge flocs

In this work, the structure of two kaolin sludges and a waste activated sludge are investigated using both light-scattering and free-settling methods. Fractal dimensions estimated by the light-scattering and free-settling techniques (D(S) and D(F) respectively) differ significantly and support the hypothesis that naturally occurring aggregates possess a multilevel structure. A two-level floc structural model comprised of (i) a primary floc (of fractal dimension D(S)) consisting of primary particles and (ii) a secondary floc (of fractal dimension D(F)) consisting of the microflocs is proposed to interpret the experimental findings. The structural changes of sludge flocs before and after cationic flocculation are interpreted using the proposed two-level model.     

丙酮在XeCl准分子激光辐射下的多光子电离和碎裂研究

我们用扩散分子束多光子电离光谱技术研究了丙酮在XeCl准分子激光辐射下的多光子电离和碎裂行为。实验表明丙酮没有产生母体离子峰(m/e=58), 只给出m/e=43和15两个峰, 分别对应于丙酮光解所产生的两个碎片CH_3 CO和CH_3。其离子信号(1)分别与激光强度(Ⅰ)的3和3.6次方成正比。分析表明离子是由中性碎片电离产生的。     

聚丙烯与SBS嵌段共聚物共混时的结晶行为

用偏光显微镜,小角光散射,动态力学测量和DSC等方法研究了聚丙烯和SBS共混物的结晶行为。结果表明,SBS的混入可以降低聚丙烯的结晶程度和阻碍球晶的形成,因而有利于提高聚丙烯塑料的抗冲击性能。从DSC实验也看到共混物中的聚丙烯具有较高的结晶速率。     

内蒙古牧区老年冠心病患者血清Zn,Cu,Ca,Mg的测定及临床意义

用薄样Ｘ射线荧光光谱法测定较区９１老年冠心病患者及６３名老年健康人血清Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、四种元素的含量。结果表明：牧区老年冠心病患者血清中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、含量与健康组比较无显著差异，但两者的比值高于对照组，可能与牧区牧民饮食习惯有关；老年冠心病组血清Ｃａ、Ｍｇ含量显著低于对照组。     

手性配体的空间结构与产物对映选择性的关系

首次采用4－烷氧羰基噻唑烷、E唑烷作为手性配体，诱导烷基锌对醛类的亲核加成反应，获得产物是烷基化的醛，最高达90％ee，产率98％的（S）－二级醇。系统地考察了该类手性配体三维空间结构变化与产物对映选择性的关系，当配体4－位烷氧羰基上的R、2－位R′基和环体上原子X发生变化时都会引起产物（S）－二 级醇的对映选择性发生规律性变化。对五种不同结构的底物醛在同一手性配体催化下，诱导烷基锌对醛类的亲核加成反应，底物结构变化也会引起（S）－二级醇对映选择性变化。